Pump apparatus and method

ABSTRACT

Pump apparatus and method. The pump can include a valve assembly and a diaphragm. In some embodiments, the diaphragm can include a convolute that can deform in order to increase a volume of a pumping chamber to provide an internal fluid bypass when a pressure in the pumping chamber exceeds a bypass pressure. In some embodiments, the pump can include a fluid reservoir at least partially defined by a wall with a flow-restrictive conduit in fluid communication with an outlet chamber. A shut-off switch can include an actuator in fluid communication with the fluid reservoir. The fluid reservoir and the flow-restrictive conduit can substantially isolate the shut-off switch from pressure pulses in the outlet chamber.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates generally to pumps and pumping methods, and moreparticularly to wobble plate pumps and pump controls.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Wobble plate pumps typically include pistons that move in areciprocating manner within corresponding pumping chambers. The pistonsare generally coupled to a wobble plate and are reciprocated by a camthat is rotated by a motor or other driving device. The reciprocatingmovement of the pistons pumps fluid from a fluid inlet to a fluid outletof the pump. The pistons of the pump are often coupled to a diaphragmthat is positioned between the wobble plate and the pump chambers. Insome such pumps, each one of the pistons is an individual componentseparate from the diaphragm, requiring numerous components to bemanufactured and assembled. A convolute is sometimes employed to connecteach piston to the diaphragm, so that the pistons can reciprocate andmove with respect to the remainder of the diaphragm.

Some conventional pumps (including wobble plate pumps) have a bypassport which allows for fluid entering the pump to bypass the pumpingchambers when the pressure at the outlet side of the pump is high. Thishelps to reduce the “water hammering” noise that occurs when adownstream valve is limiting the flow rate but the pump is still tryingto push water at its nominal flow rate. However, the bypass of fluidcomes at the expense of pump efficiency. It also requires the design andmanufacture of a separate fluid path.

Many conventional pumps include a controller or switch for controllingthe on-off state of the pump, especially for shutting off the pump inresponse to increased pressure (i.e., a shut-off pressure). For example,an actuator of a mechanical switch is typically positioned in physicalcommunication with the fluid in the pump. When the pressure of the fluidexceeds the shut-off pressure, the force of the fluid moves the actuatorto open the pump's power circuit to turn off the pump.

Mechanical pressure switches may be susceptible to breakdown due tooveruse. For example, during repeated opening and closing of the pump'spower circuit, arcing and scorching often occurs between the contacts ofthe switch. Due to this arcing and scorching, an oxidation layer formsover the contacts of the switch, and the switch will eventually beunable to close the pump's power circuit. Repeated switching may occurbecause mechanical pressure switches may react to pressure pulses withinthe pump. For example, if a wobble plate pump has three chambers, eachrotation of the motor will cause three pressure pulses or pumpingstrokes. If the pressure switch reacts to a pressure pulse rather thanthe net operating fluid pressure at the outlet, unnecessary cycling willoccur. Complex circuits and/or programming have been used in someapplications to determine the net pressure and avoid unnecessarycycling, but this solution is often too complex and costly. Repeatedcycling results in louder operation with the motor being energized andde-energized frequently. This is particularly undesirable in anon-industrial application, such as a pump in a recreational vehicle orin a home.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Some embodiments of the invention provide a pump including a valveassembly partially defining a pumping chamber and a diaphragm coupled tothe valve assembly. The diaphragm can also partially define the pumpingchamber. The diaphragm can include a convolute that can deform in orderto increase a volume of the pumping chamber to provide an internal fluidbypass when a pressure in the pumping chamber exceeds a bypass pressure.

In some embodiments, the invention provides a pump including a pump headassembly defining an outlet chamber and a fluid reservoir at leastpartially defined by a wall. The wall can include a flow-restrictiveconduit in fluid communication with the outlet chamber. The pump canalso include a shut-off switch having an actuator in fluid communicationwith the fluid reservoir. The fluid reservoir and the flow-restrictiveconduit can substantially isolate the shut-off switch from pressurepulses in the outlet chamber.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a pump according to one embodiment ofthe invention;

FIG. 2 is a front view of the pump illustrated in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a side view of the pump illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the pump illustrated in FIGS. 1-3;

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the pump illustrated in FIGS. 1-4;

FIG. 6 is a detail cross-sectional view of the pump head assemblyenlarged from FIG. 4;

FIG. 7 is a detail cross-sectional view of the pump head assemblyenlarged from FIG. 5;

FIG. 8 is a first perspective view of a wobble plate for use with thepump of FIG. 1;

FIG. 9 is a second perspective view of the wobble plate of FIG. 8;

FIG. 10 is a front view of the wobble plate of FIG. 8;

FIG. 11A is a perspective view of a diaphragm according to oneembodiment of the invention for use with the pump of FIG. 1;

FIG. 11B is a perspective view of a diaphragm according to anotherembodiment of the invention for use with the pump of FIG. 1;

FIG. 12A is a front view of the diaphragm of FIG. 11A;

FIG. 12B is a front view of the diaphragm of FIG. 11B;

FIG. 13A is a cross-sectional view of the diaphragm of FIGS. 11A and12A;

FIG. 13B is a cross-sectional view of the diaphragm of FIGS. 11B and12B;

FIG. 14 is a perspective view of a front housing according to oneembodiment of the invention for use with the pump of FIG. 1;

FIG. 15 is a front view of the front housing of FIG. 14;

FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of the front housing of FIGS. 14-15;and

FIG. 17 is a detail cross-sectional view of the front housing enlargedfrom FIG. 16.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Before any embodiments of the invention are explained in detail, it isto be understood that the invention is not limited in its application tothe details of construction and the arrangement of components set forthin the following description or illustrated in the following drawings.The invention is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced orof being carried out in various ways. Also, it is to be understood thatthe phraseology and terminology used herein is for the purpose ofdescription and should not be regarded as limiting. The use of“including,” “comprising,” or “having” and variations thereof herein ismeant to encompass the items listed thereafter and equivalents thereofas well as additional items. Unless specified or limited otherwise, theterms “mounted,” “connected,” “supported,” and “coupled” and variationsthereof are used broadly and encompass both direct and indirectmountings, connections, supports, and couplings. Further, “connected”and “coupled” are not restricted to physical or mechanical connectionsor couplings.

FIGS. 1-3 illustrate the exterior of a pump 10 according to oneembodiment of the invention. In some embodiments, the pump 10 caninclude a pump head assembly 12 having a front housing 14, a switchhousing 16 coupled to the front housing 14 by screws 32, and a rearhousing 18 coupled to the front housing 14 by screws 34. Although screws32, 34 are shown being used to connect the sensor housing 16 and rearhousing 18 to the front housing 14 as described, other types offasteners can instead be used (including, without limitation, bolt andnut sets or other threaded fasteners, rivets, clamps, and buckles). Thepump head assembly 12 can be defined by housing portions arranged inother manners, such as by left and right housing portions or upper andlower housing portions. Reference herein and in the appended claims toterms of orientation (such as front and rear) are provided for purposesof illustration only and are not intended as limitations upon theinvention.

The pump 10 can have a pedestal 26 with legs 28 to support the weight ofthe pump 10. Alternatively, the pump 10 can include or be connected to abracket, stand, or another device for mounting and supporting the pump10 upon a surface in a particular orientation. The legs 28 can each havecushions 30 constructed of a resilient material (such as rubber orurethane) to reduce the transfer of vibration from the pump 10 to thesurrounding environment.

The pump head assembly 12 can include a fluid inlet 22 and a fluidoutlet 24. In some embodiments, the inlet 22 and the outlet 24 can beformed as part of the front housing 14, but may alternatively be formedseparately or as part of the pump 10 in another way. The inlet 22 can beconnected to an inlet fluid line (not shown) and the outlet 24 can beconnected to an outlet fluid line (not shown). The inlet 22 and theoutlet 24 can each be provided with fittings for connection to inlet andoutlet fluid lines. The inlet 22 and outlet 24 can be provided withquick-disconnect fittings, although threaded fittings or otherconnections can instead be used.

As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the pump 10 can be integrated with or can beconnected to a motor assembly 20. The motor assembly 20 can include amotor 60 with an output shaft 70. In some embodiments, a direct currentelectric motor can be included in the motor assembly 20 to rotate theoutput shaft 70.

FIGS. 6 and 7 illustrate in detail various aspects of the interior ofthe pump head assembly 12 according to some embodiments of theinvention. A valve assembly 36 can include an inlet valve 50 and anoutlet valve 52 for controlling the flow of fluid through a pumpingchamber 38. In some embodiments, the pump 10 includes three inlet valves50, three outlet valves 52, and three pumping chambers 38. However, thepump 10 can include other numbers of pumping chambers 38, such as two,four, five, etc. As shown in FIG. 7, the fluid inlet 22 can open to aninlet chamber 92, which can be in fluid communication with each inletvalve 50 of the pump 10. As shown in FIG. 6, a chamber wall 93 canseparate the inlet chamber 92 from the outlet chamber 94. A shut-offswitch 140 and a pressure-dampening reservoir 150 can also be located inthe pump head assembly 12.

For each one of the pumping chambers 38, the valve assembly 36 caninclude one inlet valve 50 and one outlet valve 52, but multi-valveconfigurations can also be used. The inlet valve 50 can be positionedwithin the valve assembly 36 so that fluid may only enter the pumpingchamber 38 through the inlet valve 50 when a lower pressure exists inthe pumping chamber 38, as compared to the inlet chamber 92. Also, theoutlet valve 52 can be positioned within the valve assembly 36 so thatthe outlet valve 52 is closed when pressure in the pumping chamber 38 islower than the outlet chamber 94. When the fluid pressure in the pumpingchamber 38 exceeds that of the outlet chamber 94, the outlet valve 52can open to allow fluid to exit the pumping chamber 38. The inlet andoutlet valves 50, 52 can be flexible, one-way valves positioned withinvalve seats.

A diaphragm 54 can provide pumping action through the pumping chambers38. The diaphragm 54 can be positioned between the valve assembly 36 andthe rear housing 18. A periphery of the diaphragm 54 can be positionedto create a seal between the rear housing 18 and the valve assembly 36and/or the front housing 14. In some embodiments, the diaphragm 54 caninclude one piston 62 corresponding to each one of the pumping chambers38. Movement of the pistons 62 into and out of the pumping chambers 38can cause the pressure to vary in the pumping chambers 38 in order tomove fluid through the inlet and outlet valves 50, 52. The pistons 62can be formed integrally with the diaphragm 54.

A wobble plate 66 can be positioned in the pump head assembly 12. Insome embodiments, the wobble plate 66 can include three rocker arms 64that can transfer rotational movement from a cam 67 to linear movementof each of the three pistons 62 in turn. As shown in FIGS. 4 and 6, eachof the pistons 62 can have an abutting surface coupled to the respectiverocker arm 64. In some embodiments, the pistons 62 can be coupled to therocker arms 64 by screws 78. The pistons 62 can be coupled to the wobbleplate 66 in other ways, such as by nut and bolt sets, other threadedfasteners, rivets, by adhesive or cohesive bonding material, or bysnap-fit connections.

The wobble plate 66 can be coupled to the cam 67 by a first bearingassembly 68, which can allow the cam 67 to rotate within the wobbleplate 66. The cam 67 can be coupled to the output shaft 70 of the motorassembly 20 for rotation with the output shaft 70. In some embodiments,the first bearing assembly 68 can be positioned within the wobble plate66. As shown in FIG. 7, a second bearing assembly 76 can support theoutput shaft 70 and can provide a surface in contact with the cam 67.Specifically, as the output shaft 70 rotates, each rocker arm 64 (andrespective piston 62) can be sequentially pushed into one of the pumpingchambers 38. As a result, each piston 62 can perform one pumping strokeupon one rotation of the output shaft 70.

When actuated, the pistons 62 can move within the pumping chambers 38 ina reciprocating manner. As a given piston 62 moves into the associatedpumping chamber 38, the associated inlet valve 50 can be sealed shut andfluid can be forced out of the pumping chamber 38 through the associatedoutlet valve 52. As the piston 62 moves out of the pumping chamber 38,the inlet valve 50 can open and fluid can be drawn into the pumpingchamber 38.

FIGS. 8-10 illustrate the wobble plate 66. The wobble plate 66 caninclude a central bore 69 that can receive the first bearing assembly68. The wobble plate 66 can include three rocker arms 64, each includinga threaded hole 71 to receive the screw 78 to mount the pistons 62.

FIGS. 11A, 12A, and 13A illustrate one embodiment of the diaphragm 54.The diaphragm 54 can include a single piece of resilient material, whichcan also include each of the pistons 62. In some embodiments, thediaphragm 54 can be constructed of Santoprene® 271-73, but otherresilient materials can also be used. As shown in FIG. 13A, thediaphragm 54 can lie generally in a first plane 118. The pistons 62 canlie generally in a second plane 120, which can be parallel to the firstplane 118.

In some embodiments, each piston 62 can include an aperture 122 at itscenter through which a fastener (e.g., the screw 78 as shown in FIG. 6)can be received for connecting each piston 62 to each respective rockerarm 64. In some embodiments, the diaphragm 54 can include a channel 124extending around a perimeter of the diaphragm 54. The channel 124 canfit together with the valve assembly 36 (as illustrated in FIGS. 4-7) toform a seal and partially define each one of the pumping chambers 38. Insome embodiments, the diaphragm 54 does not have a channel 124 asdescribed, but has a sealing relationship with the valve assembly 36, oranother portion of the pump head assembly 12, to isolate the pumpingchambers 38 from each other and the outside of the pump 10. In someembodiments, the pumping chambers 38 can be isolated from one another byrespective seals or one or more gaskets.

The diaphragm 54 can include a convolute 128 around each one of thepistons 62. The convolutes 128 can integrally couple the pistons 62 tothe diaphragm 54. As shown in FIG. 13A, each convolute 128 can include atrough portion 131, an inner annulus 133, and an outer annulus 135. Theconvolutes 128 can allow the pistons 62 to move relative to the firstplane 118 during a pumping stroke. In some embodiments, the convolutes128 can move without placing damaging stresses upon the diaphragm 54.The convolutes 128 can provide a rolling/unrolling edge to permit thepistons 62 to move with respect to the diaphragm 54. As shown in FIG.13A, each convolute 128 can lie generally in a third plane 130. Thethird plane 130 can be angled with respect to the first plane 118 sothat the trough portion 131 of the convolute 128 is further from thefirst plane 118 at the outer edge of the convolute 128 than from theinner edge near the central axis 136 of the diaphragm 54. This can allowmore movement (or less restriction to movement) at the outer edge ofeach convolute 128 and overall less stress on the diaphragm 54. In someembodiments, less stress on the diaphragm 54 can increase the number ofcycles to failure and can improve pump reliability. In some embodiments,the angle between the first plane 118 and the third plane 130 can bebetween about 2 degrees and about 4 degrees.

The pressure in the pump 10 increases when one or more downstream valves(not shown) close. The increase in pressure is seen throughout the pump10. However, the upstream side of the pump 10 is generally at a highernet fluid pressure than the downstream side of the pump 10. In someembodiments, the motor assembly 20 operates at a single speed when thepump 10 is turned on. When the downstream side of the pump 10 is notrestricted by a downstream valve, the pump 10 can pump the nominalvolume or flow rate of fluid. However, when a downstream valve closes torestrict the flow, a fluid pressure buildup is experienced in thedownstream side of the pump 10. To prevent “water hammering” noise andvibration, the pump 10 can include a fluid bypass. Instead of using anexternal bypass conduit or port, the pump 10 can selectively bypassfluid internally using the diaphragm 54.

When a bypass pressure is exceeded at the pumping chamber 38, thepumping ability of the pump 10 can be reduced while maintaining aconstant speed at the output shaft 70 of the motor assembly 20. In someembodiments, the convolutes 128 can provide the fluid bypass. When thebypass pressure is exceeded in the pumping chamber 38, the convolute 128can flex or balloon outwardly from the pumping chamber 38 to increasethe volume of the pumping chamber 38 during a pumping stroke. In someembodiments, this increase in volume can occur as the piston 62 isactuated into the pumping chamber 38. In some embodiments, the convolute128 of the piston 62 can balloon from being generally concave (curvedinto the pumping chamber 38) to being generally convex (curved away fromthe pumping chamber 38) at or above the bypass pressure. In someembodiments, the convolute 128 can stretch significantly to enable theballooning. In other embodiments, the convolute 128 does not stretchsignificantly, but bypasses fluid primarily by changing shape fromgenerally concave to generally convex. In still other embodiments, theconvolute 128 can both stretch and change shape from concave to convex.

As shown in FIG. 13A, each piston 62 can have a generally “crowned”shape. Moving from the tip of a piston 62 down toward the respectiveconvolute 128, the piston 62 can have a continuous and graduallyincreasing diameter. The inner annulus 133 can depart from thisincreasing diameter substantially tangentially before joining a tightradius of the trough portion 131.

FIGS. 11B, 12B, and 13B illustrate another embodiment of a diaphragm54B. In most aspects, the diaphragm 54B is similar to the diaphragm 54,with like reference numerals for like parts. In some embodiments, thediaphragm 54B can lie generally in a first plane 118B. The pistons 62Bcan lie generally in a second plane 120B, parallel to the first plane118B. Each convolute 128B can include a trough portion 131B, an innerannulus 133B, and an outer annulus 135B. The inner annulus 133B canproject outwardly from the piston 62B before curving into the troughportion 131B. In some embodiments, the inner annulus 133B can projectsubstantially perpendicular to the piston 62B. The trough portion 131Bof the convolute 128B can be oriented on a third plane 130B at an anglesloping away from the center 136B of the diaphragm 54B. In someembodiments, the angle between the third plane 130B and the first plane118B can be between about 2 degrees and about 4 degrees.

Unlike the diaphragm 54, each piston 62B of the diaphragm 54B can belocated at a distance from the center 136B that places the piston 62Bcloser to an outer edge 137 of the convolute 128B than to an inner edge135 (near the center 136B), making the inner annulus 133B wider at theinner edge 135 and narrower at the outer edge 137. These characteristicsof the diaphragm 54B can result in low stress levels. By reducingdiaphragm stress, the life of the diaphragm 54B can be significantlyincreased improving reliability. The convolutes 128B can function withinthe pump 10 in a manner substantially similar to that described abovewith reference to FIGS. 11A, 12A, and 13A. Generally, the convolutes128B can allow the pistons 62B to reciprocate with less stress on thediaphragm 54B and can provide for fluid bypass at or above the bypasspressure.

FIGS. 14-17 illustrate the front housing 14 in detail. In someembodiments, both the fluid inlet 14 and the fluid outlet 18 can beformed integrally with the front housing 14. As shown in FIGS. 4-7, thevalve assembly 36 can cooperate with the chamber wall 93 to seal theinlet chamber 92 apart from the outlet chamber 94. This can preventleakage and can force fluid to travel from the inlet chamber 92 into thepumping chamber 38 and back out to the outlet chamber 94 before exitingthe pump 10 at the fluid outlet 24. As shown in FIGS. 14 and 15, thefront housing 14 can include mounting holes 17 for attachment to therear housing 18 or other elements of the pump 10 (such as the motorassembly 20). In some embodiments, the front housing 14 can have sixmounting holes 17 to attach the front housing 14 to the rear housing 18.Some of the mounting holes 17 can be used to mount the front housing 14and the rear housing 18 to the motor assembly 20.

The switch housing 16 (as shown in FIGS. 1-3, but not shown in FIGS.14-17) can be attached to the front portion of the front housing 14. Theswitch housing 16 can include the shut-off switch 140 within the pumphead assembly 12 (as shown in FIGS. 4-7). In some embodiments, theshut-off switch 140 can be a normally-closed momentary switch. Theshut-off switch 140 can include a sensor or an actuator, such as adiaphragm actuator 142, in fluid communication with fluid downstream ofthe pumping chamber 38. The shut-off switch 140 can also include anactuator spring 144 to bias the diaphragm actuator 142 to anormally-closed position. When sufficient fluid pressure (i.e., theshut-off pressure) is exerted on the diaphragm actuator 142, the biasforce of the actuator spring 144 can be overcome, and the shut-offswitch 140 can pivot about a pin 146 (as shown in FIGS. 4 and 6) to anopen-circuit position, terminating power to the motor assembly 20. Anadjustment screw 148 can be rotated by a user to set the value of theshut-off pressure. The shut-off pressure can be adjusted by varying apreload in the actuator spring 144 (i.e., by tightening or loosening theadjustment screw 148).

In some embodiments, the diaphragm actuator 142 can be positioned withina fluid reservoir, such as a pressure-dampening reservoir 150 (as shownin FIGS. 6, 7, and 17). Pressure dampening can help prevent unwantedcycling of the shut-off switch 140 as a result of pressure pulses thatoccur during the sequential pumping strokes of the pistons 62, 62B.Effective pressure dampening can increase pump efficiency and reducenoise. The pressure-dampening reservoir 150 can be located substantiallyadjacent to the outlet chamber 94, which can be at least partiallydefined by the chamber wall 93. As shown in FIGS. 16 and 17, a reservoirwall 151 can separate the pressure-dampening reservoir 150 from theoutlet chamber 94. A pinhole aperture 153 can provide fluidcommunication between the pressure-dampening reservoir 150 and theoutlet chamber 94. The pinhole aperture 153 can be a conduit withrelatively high flow resistance through the reservoir wall 151. Thepinhole aperture 153 can have an extended length (i.e., longer than thethickness of the reservoir wall 151), such as by forming a nipple 155 inthe reservoir wall 151. Various lengths and diameters of the pinholeaperture 153 may be appropriate depending upon the level of pressuredampening desired. In some embodiments, the pinhole aperture 153 can bebetween about 0.02 inches and about 0.03 inches in diameter and about0.3 inches in length.

The pressure-dampening reservoir 150 can isolate the shut-off switch 140from pressure pulses in the outlet chamber 94. In order for the shut-offswitch 140 to sense the prevailing fluid pressure trend in the outletchamber 94, the pinhole aperture 153 can provide limited fluid flowbetween the pressure-dampening reservoir 150 and the outlet chamber 94.During normal operation of the pump 10, the pressure-dampening reservoir150 can contain a quantity of fluid at a pressure relatively the same asthat of the net pressure of the fluid in the outlet chamber 94. The highlevel of resistance to fluid flow through pinhole aperture 153 can helpensure that each time a pressure pulse occurs in the outlet chamber 94from a pumping stroke, the fluid in the pressure-dampening reservoir 150remains more constant, as the excess pressure is dissipated throughother components of the pump 10 as well as relieved through the fluidoutlet 24.

When the net operating pressure of the fluid in the outlet chamber 94rises significantly, the fluid pressure in the pressure-dampeningreservoir 150 will also rise, but will lag that of the outlet chamber94. If the fluid pressure in the outlet chamber 94 reaches the shut-offpressure and stabilizes or continues to rise, the shut-off switch 140can be actuated to turn off the pump 10. At that point, all pumpingaction can stop within the pump 10, and the pressure-dampening reservoir150 can begin to drain and/or release pressure through the pinholeaperture 153. When the pressure-dampening reservoir 150 bleeds offenough pressure, the shut-off switch 140 can be returned to thenormally-closed state by the actuator spring 144 and the pump 10 can bere-energized to resume pumping. In some embodiments, by providingpressure-dampened delay before either turning on or turning off the pump10, the overall “on-off” activity of the pump 10 can be drasticallyreduced, which can increase the reliability of the shut-off switch 140and can help to eliminate noise associated with excessive cycling.

Various features and advantages of the invention are set forth in thefollowing claims.

1. A pump comprising: a valve assembly partially defining a pumpingchamber; and a diaphragm coupled to the valve assembly, the diaphragmpartially defining the pumping chamber, the diaphragm including aconvolute, the convolute deforming in order to increase a volume of thepumping chamber to provide an internal fluid bypass when a pressure inthe pumping chamber exceeds a bypass pressure.
 2. The pump of claim 1,wherein the convolute deforms by at least one of stretching and flexingin order to increase the volume of the pumping chamber.
 3. The pump ofclaim 1, wherein the convolute flexes from a concave shape to a convexshape in order to increase the volume of the pumping chamber.
 4. Thepump of claim 1, wherein the convolute enables low-stress deformation ofthe diaphragm.
 5. The pump of claim 1, wherein the diaphragm includes apiston integrally formed with the diaphragm by the convolute.
 6. Thepump of claim 1, wherein the diaphragm includes three pistons and threeconvolutes.
 7. The pump of claim 1, wherein the diaphragm includes apiston and the convolute includes a trough portion, and wherein adistance between the piston and the trough portion is substantiallyconstant around the piston.
 8. The pump of claim 1, wherein thediaphragm includes a piston and the convolute includes a trough portion,and wherein a first distance between the piston and the trough portionat an interior portion of the diaphragm is greater than a seconddistance between the piston and the trough portion at an exteriorportion of the diaphragm.
 9. The pump of claim 1, wherein the diaphragmincludes a piston and the convolute includes an inner annulus extendingfrom the piston.
 10. The pump of claim 8, wherein the inner annulusextends from the piston substantially tangentially.
 11. The pump ofclaim 1, wherein the diaphragm includes a piston, and wherein the pistonhas a gradually changing diameter with a substantially continuous curvedprofile extending from the convolute.
 12. The pump of claim 1, whereinthe convolute includes an annulus that flexes from a concave shape to aconvex shape above the bypass pressure.
 13. The pump of claim 1, whereinthe convolute is positioned at an angle of about two degrees to aboutfour degrees with respect to a plane of the diaphragm.
 14. The pump ofclaim 1, wherein the diaphragm is constructed of a single piece ofresilient material.
 15. The pump of claim 1, wherein the diaphragmincludes a channel to form a seal with the valve assembly.
 16. A methodof operating a pump, the method comprising: receiving fluid into apumping chamber; increasing pressure in the pumping chamber; exceeding abypass pressure; and increasing a volume of the pumping chamber bydeforming a convolute in order to provide an internal fluid bypass. 17.The method of claim 16, and further comprising deforming the convoluteby at least one of stretching and flexing in order to increase thevolume of the pumping chamber.
 18. The method of claim 16, and furthercomprising flexing the convolute from a concave shape to a convex shapein order to increase the volume of the pumping chamber.
 19. The methodof claim 16, and further comprising enabling low-stress deformation ofthe diaphragm.
 20. The method of claim 16, and further comprisingincreasing a first distance between a piston and a trough portion of theconvolute at an interior portion of the diaphragm and decreasing asecond distance between the piston and the trough portion of theconvolute at an exterior portion of the diaphragm.
 21. The method ofclaim 16, and further comprising flexing an annulus of the convolutefrom a concave shape to a convex shape above the bypass pressure.
 22. Apump comprising: a pump head assembly defining an outlet chamber; afluid reservoir at least partially defined by a wall including aflow-restrictive conduit in fluid communication with the outlet chamber;and a shut-off switch having an actuator in fluid communication with thefluid reservoir, the fluid reservoir and the flow-restrictive conduitsubstantially isolating the shut-off switch from pressure pulses in theoutlet chamber.
 23. The pump of claim 22, wherein the shut-off switchdisconnects power from a motor.
 24. The pump of claim 22, wherein theshut-off switch is actuated when a second fluid pressure in the fluidreservoir exceeds a shut-off pressure after a first fluid pressure inthe outlet chamber has already exceeded the shut-off pressure.
 25. Thepump of claim 22, wherein the shut-off switch is biased with a springand the shut-off pressure is adjustable by varying a preload on thespring.
 26. The pump of claim 25, wherein the spring is coupled to anadjustment screw that rotates to vary the preload.
 27. The pump of claim22, wherein the shut-off switch is a normally-closed switch.
 28. Thepump of claim 22, wherein the actuator is a diaphragm actuator.
 29. Thepump of claim 22, wherein the fluid reservoir is a pressure-dampeningreservoir that impedes movement of the actuator.
 30. The pump of claim22, wherein the flow-restrictive conduit is a pinhole aperture with adiameter of about 0.025 inches and a length of about 0.30 inches. 31.The pump of claim 22, wherein a length of the flow-restrictive conduitis greater than a thickness of the wall of the fluid reservoir.
 32. Amethod of operating a pump, the method comprising: receiving fluidwithin an outlet chamber; restricting flow into a fluid reservoir influid communication with the outlet chamber; actuating a shut-off switchin fluid communication with the fluid reservoir when a pressure in thefluid reservoir exceeds a shut-off pressure; and isolating the shut-offswitch from pressure pulses in the outlet chamber.
 33. The method ofclaim 32, and further comprising disconnecting power from a motor whenthe pressure in the fluid reservoir exceeds the shut-off pressure. 34.The method of claim 32, and further comprising actuating the shut-offswitch when a second fluid pressure in the fluid reservoir exceeds theshut-off pressure after a first fluid pressure in the outlet chamber hasalready exceeded the shut-off pressure.
 35. The method of claim 32, andfurther comprising biasing the shut-off switch.
 36. The method of claim32, and further comprising adjusting the shut-off pressure.
 37. Themethod of claim 36, and further comprising rotating an adjustment screwto adjust the shut-off pressure.